Sessão 1 - Introdução e Sessão 2 - Primeiros Passos
Allan Vieira
janeiro de 2018
Introdução
- Dificuldade em aprender Linguagens de Programação;
- Objetivos do Curso;
- Estrutura do Curso;
- Alguém já teve contato com R ou outra linguagem de programação?
Conceituação
- Análise de Dados - inspecionar, limpar, tranformar e modelar dados
- R - linguagem e ambiente para programação estatística
DADOS -> INFORMAÇÃO -> usando R
Histórico (1)
- Soluções surgem para problemas específicos…
Histórico (2)
Linguagem S:
- John Chambers
- Bell Labs
Outras invenções Bell Labs:
fax, C, UNIX, C++, Radio Astronomia, etc
Histórico (2)
-> 
-> 
Histórico (3)
Voltando à linguagem S:
versão comercial -> S-PLUS
R surge como uma alternativa livre/gratuita à linguagem S
Criada por Ross Ihaka e Robert Gentleman
Linguagens de programação
Fonte: justcode.me
- Assembly vs Linguagem de Máquina;
- Assembler vs Compilador;
- Compilador vs Interpretador;
- Linguagem Compilada vs Linguagem Interpretada;
Vantagens do R
- reproducibilidade;
- plataforma-independente (até no celular!!);
- free e open source;
- atribuição de nomes aos objetos (vetores, matrizes, dataframes, listas, …) e a partes dos objetos (colunas, linhas, …);
- integração com outras linguagens (C/C++, Fortran, Java, Python, …);
- interação com bancos de dados Excel-Access e relacionais (PostgreSql, …);
- interação com outros pacotes estatísticos e matemáticos (SAS, Stata, SPSS, …)
- paralelismo;
- comunidade extramamente ativa;
- adoção de técnicas estatísticas/matemáticas cutting-edge;
- Mostraremos depois….
Desvantagens do R
- base R é mais lento que seus principais “concorrentes” **;
- possibilidade de um usuário não dar continuidade a um pacote **;
- possibilidade de falta de backward-compatibility;
- linguagem extremamente flexível e, por isso, sem muitas regras -> possibilidade de bagunçar o código **;
- memória **;
Instalação do R
Instalação do RStudio
Dando uma olhada no R
What the F***!? (1)
Gráficos !!
What the F***!? (2)
Web Apps!!
What the F***!? (3)
Softwares para automação de rotinas!!
What the F***!? (4)
Slides sofisticados!!
What the F***!? (5)
Web Scraping
What the F***!? (6)
Fazendo maldade com R…
Operadores aritméticos básicos
| operador | operação |
|---|---|
| + | soma |
| - | subtração |
| * | multiplicação |
| / | divisão |
| ^ ou ** | potenciação |
| %% | módulo(resto) |
| %/% | divisão inteira |
R como calculadora
# soma
2+3
[1] 5
# subtração
4-2
[1] 2
# multiplicação
2*3
[1] 6
# divisão
3/3
[1] 1
# potenciação
3^2
[1] 9
3**2
[1] 9
# módulo(resto)
5%%2
[1] 1
# divisão inteira
5%/%2
[1] 2
# --> indica comentário; código que não será executado
Priorização de execução
# parênteses indicam a prioridade de execução para o interpretador
((63+1)/8)^2
[1] 64
Guardando os códigos em um Script
Funções no R (1)
As funções são objetos muito utilizados no R. Como você calcularia a raiz quadrada de 81 ?
sqrt(81)
[1] 9
Juntando com a priorização via parênteses:
sqrt(3*3^2)
[1] 5.196152
sqrt((3*3)^2)
[1] 9
Estrutura básica:
função(argumentos)
“R, at its heart, is a functional programming (FP) language”
(Hadley Wickham)
Outras Funções Matemáticas no R
## prod = multiplicação
prod(2,2) # 2x2
[1] 4
prod(2,2,3,4) # 2x2x3x4
[1] 48
## log = logaritmo natural
log(3) # log na base e
[1] 1.098612
# log de 3 na base 10
log(3,10)
[1] 0.4771213
# log3 na base 10
log10(3)
[1] 0.4771213
# abs = modulo, |3 - 9|
abs(3-9)
[1] 6
#factorial() = fatorial do número
#4 fatorial (4!)
factorial(4)
[1] 24
Pacotes no R (1)
- Os pacotes são espécies de 'módulos' que, ao serem instalados, disponibilizam uma série de novas funções para serem utilizadas;
- Há pacotes gráficos, estatísticos, matemáticos, de análise de dados, de aprendizagem de máquina, etc;
- São criados por outros usuários…
- Portanto, você também pode criar funções e disponibilizá-las via pacote!!
- Veja quais são os pacotes já instalados na sua máquina:
installed.packages()
Package
acepack "acepack"
assertthat "assertthat"
backports "backports"
base64enc "base64enc"
BBmisc "BBmisc"
benchr "benchr"
BH "BH"
bindr "bindr"
bindrcpp "bindrcpp"
binman "binman"
bit "bit"
bit64 "bit64"
bitops "bitops"
blob "blob"
blogdown "blogdown"
bookdown "bookdown"
brew "brew"
broom "broom"
callr "callr"
caTools "caTools"
cellranger "cellranger"
checkmate "checkmate"
cli "cli"
clipr "clipr"
colorspace "colorspace"
commonmark "commonmark"
crayon "crayon"
crosstalk "crosstalk"
curl "curl"
data.table "data.table"
DBI "DBI"
dbplyr "dbplyr"
desc "desc"
devtools "devtools"
dichromat "dichromat"
digest "digest"
dplyr "dplyr"
emstreeR "emstreeR"
evaluate "evaluate"
fansi "fansi"
forcats "forcats"
Formula "Formula"
geosphere "geosphere"
ggmap "ggmap"
ggplot2 "ggplot2"
git2r "git2r"
glue "glue"
googlesheets "googlesheets"
gridExtra "gridExtra"
gtable "gtable"
haven "haven"
here "here"
hexbin "hexbin"
highr "highr"
Hmisc "Hmisc"
hms "hms"
htmlTable "htmlTable"
htmltools "htmltools"
htmlwidgets "htmlwidgets"
httpuv "httpuv"
httr "httr"
jpeg "jpeg"
jsonlite "jsonlite"
knitr "knitr"
KODAMA "KODAMA"
labeling "labeling"
later "later"
latticeExtra "latticeExtra"
lava "lava"
lazyeval "lazyeval"
lubridate "lubridate"
magrittr "magrittr"
mapproj "mapproj"
maps "maps"
markdown "markdown"
mclust "mclust"
memoise "memoise"
mime "mime"
miniUI "miniUI"
modelr "modelr"
MultiRNG "MultiRNG"
munsell "munsell"
numDeriv "numDeriv"
nycflights13 "nycflights13"
openssl "openssl"
packrat "packrat"
pillar "pillar"
pkgbuild "pkgbuild"
pkgconfig "pkgconfig"
pkgload "pkgload"
PKI "PKI"
plogr "plogr"
plotly "plotly"
plotrix "plotrix"
plyr "plyr"
png "png"
praise "praise"
prettyunits "prettyunits"
processx "processx"
prodlim "prodlim"
promises "promises"
proto "proto"
purrr "purrr"
R6 "R6"
rappdirs "rappdirs"
rattle "rattle"
RColorBrewer "RColorBrewer"
Rcpp "Rcpp"
RcppArmadillo "RcppArmadillo"
RcppMLPACK "RcppMLPACK"
RcppProgress "RcppProgress"
RCurl "RCurl"
readr "readr"
readxl "readxl"
rematch "rematch"
reprex "reprex"
reshape2 "reshape2"
RgoogleMaps "RgoogleMaps"
RGtk2 "RGtk2"
rjson "rjson"
RJSONIO "RJSONIO"
rlang "rlang"
rmarkdown "rmarkdown"
roxygen2 "roxygen2"
rpart.plot "rpart.plot"
rprojroot "rprojroot"
rsconnect "rsconnect"
RSelenium "RSelenium"
RSQLite "RSQLite"
rstudioapi "rstudioapi"
rversions "rversions"
rvest "rvest"
scales "scales"
scatterplot3d "scatterplot3d"
selectr "selectr"
semver "semver"
servr "servr"
shiny "shiny"
sourcetools "sourcetools"
sp "sp"
SQUAREM "SQUAREM"
stringi "stringi"
stringr "stringr"
subprocess "subprocess"
testthat "testthat"
tibble "tibble"
tidyr "tidyr"
tidyselect "tidyselect"
tidyverse "tidyverse"
tinytex "tinytex"
utf8 "utf8"
viridis "viridis"
viridisLite "viridisLite"
wdman "wdman"
whisker "whisker"
withr "withr"
xfun "xfun"
XML "XML"
xml2 "xml2"
xtable "xtable"
yaml "yaml"
base "base"
boot "boot"
class "class"
cluster "cluster"
codetools "codetools"
compiler "compiler"
datasets "datasets"
foreign "foreign"
graphics "graphics"
grDevices "grDevices"
grid "grid"
KernSmooth "KernSmooth"
lattice "lattice"
MASS "MASS"
Matrix "Matrix"
methods "methods"
mgcv "mgcv"
nlme "nlme"
nnet "nnet"
parallel "parallel"
rpart "rpart"
spatial "spatial"
splines "splines"
stats "stats"
stats4 "stats4"
survival "survival"
tcltk "tcltk"
tools "tools"
utils "utils"
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boot "/usr/lib64/R/library"
class "/usr/lib64/R/library"
cluster "/usr/lib64/R/library"
codetools "/usr/lib64/R/library"
compiler "/usr/lib64/R/library"
datasets "/usr/lib64/R/library"
foreign "/usr/lib64/R/library"
graphics "/usr/lib64/R/library"
grDevices "/usr/lib64/R/library"
grid "/usr/lib64/R/library"
KernSmooth "/usr/lib64/R/library"
lattice "/usr/lib64/R/library"
MASS "/usr/lib64/R/library"
Matrix "/usr/lib64/R/library"
methods "/usr/lib64/R/library"
mgcv "/usr/lib64/R/library"
nlme "/usr/lib64/R/library"
nnet "/usr/lib64/R/library"
parallel "/usr/lib64/R/library"
rpart "/usr/lib64/R/library"
spatial "/usr/lib64/R/library"
splines "/usr/lib64/R/library"
stats "/usr/lib64/R/library"
stats4 "/usr/lib64/R/library"
survival "/usr/lib64/R/library"
tcltk "/usr/lib64/R/library"
tools "/usr/lib64/R/library"
utils "/usr/lib64/R/library"
Version Priority
acepack "1.4.1" NA
assertthat "0.2.0" NA
backports "1.1.2" NA
base64enc "0.1-3" NA
BBmisc "1.11" NA
benchr "0.2.2" NA
BH "1.66.0-1" NA
bindr "0.1.1" NA
bindrcpp "0.2.2" NA
binman "0.1.1" NA
bit "1.1-14" NA
bit64 "0.9-7" NA
bitops "1.0-6" NA
blob "1.1.1" NA
blogdown "0.9.7" NA
bookdown "0.7" NA
brew "1.0-6" NA
broom "0.5.0" NA
callr "2.0.4" NA
caTools "1.17.1.1" NA
cellranger "1.1.0" NA
checkmate "1.8.5" NA
cli "1.0.0" NA
clipr "0.4.1" NA
colorspace "1.3-2" NA
commonmark "1.5" NA
crayon "1.3.4" NA
crosstalk "1.0.0" NA
curl "3.2" NA
data.table "1.11.4" NA
DBI "1.0.0" NA
dbplyr "1.2.2" NA
desc "1.2.0" NA
devtools "1.13.6" NA
dichromat "2.0-0" NA
digest "0.6.18" NA
dplyr "0.7.8" NA
emstreeR "2.1.0" NA
evaluate "0.11" NA
fansi "0.2.3" NA
forcats "0.3.0" NA
Formula "1.2-3" NA
geosphere "1.5-7" NA
ggmap "2.7.900" NA
ggplot2 "3.1.0" NA
git2r "0.23.0" NA
glue "1.3.0" NA
googlesheets "0.3.0" NA
gridExtra "2.3" NA
gtable "0.2.0" NA
haven "1.1.2" NA
here "0.1" NA
hexbin "1.27.2" NA
highr "0.7" NA
Hmisc "4.1-1" NA
hms "0.4.2" NA
htmlTable "1.12" NA
htmltools "0.3.6" NA
htmlwidgets "1.2" NA
httpuv "1.4.5" NA
httr "1.3.1" NA
jpeg "0.1-8" NA
jsonlite "1.5" NA
knitr "1.20" NA
KODAMA "1.4" NA
labeling "0.3" NA
later "0.7.3" NA
latticeExtra "0.6-28" NA
lava "1.6.3" NA
lazyeval "0.2.1" NA
lubridate "1.7.4" NA
magrittr "1.5" NA
mapproj "1.2.6" NA
maps "3.3.0" NA
markdown "0.8" NA
mclust "5.4.1" NA
memoise "1.1.0" NA
mime "0.6" NA
miniUI "0.1.1.1" NA
modelr "0.1.2" NA
MultiRNG "1.1" NA
munsell "0.5.0" NA
numDeriv "2016.8-1" NA
nycflights13 "1.0.0" NA
openssl "1.0.2" NA
packrat "0.4.9-3" NA
pillar "1.3.0" NA
pkgbuild "1.0.0" NA
pkgconfig "2.0.2" NA
pkgload "1.0.0" NA
PKI "0.1-5.1" NA
plogr "0.2.0" NA
plotly "4.8.0" NA
plotrix "3.7-2" NA
plyr "1.8.4" NA
png "0.1-7" NA
praise "1.0.0" NA
prettyunits "1.0.2" NA
processx "3.1.0" NA
prodlim "2018.04.18" NA
promises "1.0.1" NA
proto "1.0.0" NA
purrr "0.2.5" NA
R6 "2.3.0" NA
rappdirs "0.3.1" NA
rattle "5.2.0" NA
RColorBrewer "1.1-2" NA
Rcpp "1.0.0" NA
RcppArmadillo "0.9.200.4.0" NA
RcppMLPACK "1.0.10-6" NA
RcppProgress "0.4.1" NA
RCurl "1.95-4.11" NA
readr "1.1.1" NA
readxl "1.1.0" NA
rematch "1.0.1" NA
reprex "0.2.0" NA
reshape2 "1.4.3" NA
RgoogleMaps "1.4.3" NA
RGtk2 "2.20.35" NA
rjson "0.2.20" NA
RJSONIO "1.3-0" NA
rlang "0.3.0.1" NA
rmarkdown "1.10" NA
roxygen2 "6.1.0" NA
rpart.plot "3.0.4" NA
rprojroot "1.3-2" NA
rsconnect "0.8.8" NA
RSelenium "1.7.1" NA
RSQLite "2.1.1" NA
rstudioapi "0.7" NA
rversions "1.0.3" NA
rvest "0.3.2" NA
scales "1.0.0" NA
scatterplot3d "0.3-41" NA
selectr "0.4-1" NA
semver "0.2.0" NA
servr "0.11" NA
shiny "1.1.0" NA
sourcetools "0.1.7" NA
sp "1.3-1" NA
SQUAREM "2017.10-1" NA
stringi "1.2.4" NA
stringr "1.3.1" NA
subprocess "0.8.2" NA
testthat "2.0.0" NA
tibble "1.4.2" NA
tidyr "0.8.1" NA
tidyselect "0.2.5" NA
tidyverse "1.2.1" NA
tinytex "0.6" NA
utf8 "1.1.4" NA
viridis "0.5.1" NA
viridisLite "0.3.0" NA
wdman "0.2.4" NA
whisker "0.3-2" NA
withr "2.1.2" NA
xfun "0.4" NA
XML "3.99-0" NA
xml2 "1.2.0" NA
xtable "1.8-2" NA
yaml "2.2.0" NA
base "3.5.1" "base"
boot "1.3-20" "recommended"
class "7.3-14" "recommended"
cluster "2.0.7-1" "recommended"
codetools "0.2-15" "recommended"
compiler "3.5.1" "base"
datasets "3.5.1" "base"
foreign "0.8-70" "recommended"
graphics "3.5.1" "base"
grDevices "3.5.1" "base"
grid "3.5.1" "base"
KernSmooth "2.23-15" "recommended"
lattice "0.20-35" "recommended"
MASS "7.3-49" "recommended"
Matrix "1.2-14" "recommended"
methods "3.5.1" "base"
mgcv "1.8-23" "recommended"
nlme "3.1-137" "recommended"
nnet "7.3-12" "recommended"
parallel "3.5.1" "base"
rpart "4.1-13" "recommended"
spatial "7.3-11" "recommended"
splines "3.5.1" "base"
stats "3.5.1" "base"
stats4 "3.5.1" "base"
survival "2.41-3" "recommended"
tcltk "3.5.1" "base"
tools "3.5.1" "base"
utils "3.5.1" "base"
Depends
acepack NA
assertthat NA
backports "R (>= 3.0.0)"
base64enc "R (>= 2.9.0)"
BBmisc NA
benchr NA
BH NA
bindr NA
bindrcpp NA
binman "R (>= 3.3)"
bit "R (>= 2.9.2)"
bit64 "R (>= 3.0.1), bit (>= 1.1-12), utils, methods, stats"
bitops NA
blob NA
blogdown NA
bookdown NA
brew NA
broom "R (>= 3.1)"
callr NA
caTools "R (>= 2.2.0)"
cellranger "R (>= 3.0.0)"
checkmate "R (>= 3.0.0)"
cli "R (>= 2.10)"
clipr NA
colorspace "R (>= 2.13.0), methods"
commonmark NA
crayon NA
crosstalk NA
curl "R (>= 3.0.0)"
data.table "R (>= 3.1.0)"
DBI "R (>= 3.0.0), methods"
dbplyr "R (>= 3.2)"
desc "R (>= 3.1.0)"
devtools "R (>= 3.0.2)"
dichromat "R (>= 2.10), stats"
digest "R (>= 3.1.0)"
dplyr "R (>= 3.1.2)"
emstreeR "R (>= 3.5.0)"
evaluate "R (>= 3.0.2)"
fansi "R (>= 3.1.0)"
forcats "R (>= 3.1)"
Formula "R (>= 2.0.0), stats"
geosphere "R (>= 3.0.0)"
ggmap "R (>= 3.1.0),\nggplot2 (>= 2.2.0)"
ggplot2 "R (>= 3.1)"
git2r "R (>= 3.1)"
glue "R (>= 3.1)"
googlesheets "R (>= 3.2.0)"
gridExtra NA
gtable "R (>= 2.14)"
haven "R (>= 3.1)"
here NA
hexbin "R (>= 2.0.1), methods"
highr "R (>= 3.0.2)"
Hmisc "lattice, survival (>= 2.40-1), Formula, ggplot2 (>= 2.2)"
hms NA
htmlTable NA
htmltools "R (>= 2.14.1)"
htmlwidgets NA
httpuv "R (>= 2.15.1), methods"
httr "R (>= 3.0.0)"
jpeg "R (>= 2.9.0)"
jsonlite "methods"
knitr "R (>= 3.1.0)"
KODAMA "R (>= 2.10.0), stats"
labeling NA
later NA
latticeExtra "R (>= 2.10.0), lattice, RColorBrewer"
lava "R (>= 3.0)"
lazyeval "R (>= 3.1.0)"
lubridate "methods, R (>= 3.0.0)"
magrittr NA
mapproj "R (>= 3.0.0), maps (>= 2.3-0)"
maps "R (>= 3.0.0)"
markdown "R (>= 2.11.1)"
mclust "R (>= 3.0)"
memoise NA
mime NA
miniUI NA
modelr "R (>= 3.1)"
MultiRNG NA
munsell NA
numDeriv "R (>= 2.11.1)"
nycflights13 "R (>= 2.10)"
openssl NA
packrat "R (>= 3.0.0)"
pillar NA
pkgbuild "R (>= 3.1)"
pkgconfig NA
pkgload NA
PKI "R (>= 2.9.0), base64enc"
plogr NA
plotly "R (>= 3.2.0), ggplot2 (>= 3.0.0)"
plotrix NA
plyr "R (>= 3.1.0)"
png "R (>= 2.9.0)"
praise NA
prettyunits NA
processx NA
prodlim "R (>= 2.9.0)"
promises NA
proto NA
purrr "R (>= 3.1)"
R6 "R (>= 3.0)"
rappdirs "R (>= 2.14), methods"
rattle "R (>= 2.13.0)"
RColorBrewer "R (>= 2.0.0)"
Rcpp "R (>= 3.0.0)"
RcppArmadillo "R (>= 3.3.0)"
RcppMLPACK "R (>= 3.3.0)"
RcppProgress NA
RCurl "R (>= 3.0.0), methods, bitops"
readr "R (>= 3.0.2)"
readxl NA
rematch NA
reprex "R (>= 3.1)"
reshape2 "R (>= 3.1)"
RgoogleMaps "R (>= 2.10)"
RGtk2 "R (>= 3.4.0)"
rjson "R (>= 3.1.0)"
RJSONIO NA
rlang "R (>= 3.1.0)"
rmarkdown "R (>= 3.0)"
roxygen2 "R (>= 3.1)"
rpart.plot "R (>= 3.2.0), rpart (>= 4.1-10)"
rprojroot "R (>= 3.0.0)"
rsconnect "R (>= 3.0.0)"
RSelenium "R (>= 3.0.0)"
RSQLite "R (>= 3.1.0)"
rstudioapi NA
rversions NA
rvest "R (>= 3.0.1), xml2"
scales "R (>= 3.1)"
scatterplot3d "R (>= 2.7.0)"
selectr "R (>= 3.0)"
semver NA
servr "R (>= 3.0.0)"
shiny "R (>= 3.0.2), methods"
sourcetools "R (>= 3.0.2)"
sp "R (>= 3.0.0), methods"
SQUAREM "R (>= 3.0)"
stringi "R (>= 2.14)"
stringr "R (>= 3.1)"
subprocess "R (>= 3.2.0)"
testthat "R (>= 3.1)"
tibble "R (>= 3.1.0)"
tidyr "R (>= 3.1)"
tidyselect "R (>= 3.1)"
tidyverse NA
tinytex NA
utf8 "R (>= 2.10)"
viridis "R (>= 2.10), viridisLite (>= 0.3.0)"
viridisLite "R (>= 2.10)"
wdman "R (>= 3.2)"
whisker NA
withr "R (>= 3.0.2)"
xfun NA
XML "R (>= 1.2.0), utils"
xml2 "R (>= 3.1.0)"
xtable "R (>= 2.10.0)"
yaml NA
base NA
boot "R (>= 3.0.0), graphics, stats"
class "R (>= 3.0.0), stats, utils"
cluster "R (>= 3.2.0)"
codetools "R (>= 2.1)"
compiler NA
datasets NA
foreign "R (>= 3.0.0)"
graphics NA
grDevices NA
grid NA
KernSmooth "R (>= 2.5.0), stats"
lattice "R (>= 3.0.0)"
MASS "R (>= 3.1.0), grDevices, graphics, stats, utils"
Matrix "R (>= 3.2.0)"
methods NA
mgcv "R (>= 2.14.0), nlme (>= 3.1-64)"
nlme "R (>= 3.4.0)"
nnet "R (>= 2.14.0), stats, utils"
parallel NA
rpart "R (>= 2.15.0), graphics, stats, grDevices"
spatial "R (>= 3.0.0), graphics, stats, utils"
splines NA
stats NA
stats4 NA
survival "R (>= 2.13.0)"
tcltk NA
tools NA
utils NA
Imports
acepack NA
assertthat "tools"
backports "utils"
base64enc NA
BBmisc "utils, methods, stats, checkmate (>= 1.8.0)"
benchr "Rcpp (>= 0.12.11), RcppProgress, stats, graphics"
BH NA
bindr NA
bindrcpp "bindr (>= 0.1.1), Rcpp (>= 0.12.16)"
binman "rappdirs, yaml, httr, jsonlite, xml2, utils, stats,\nassertthat, semver"
bit NA
bit64 NA
bitops NA
blob "methods, prettyunits"
blogdown "rmarkdown,\nbookdown (>= 0.5),\nknitr (>= 1.17),\nhtmltools,\nyaml (>= 2.1.19),\nhttpuv (>= 1.4.0),\nxfun (>= 0.3),\nservr (>= 0.8)"
bookdown "htmltools (>= 0.3.6), knitr (>= 1.16), rmarkdown (>= 1.5),\nxfun, tinytex, yaml (>= 2.1.14)"
brew NA
broom "backports, dplyr, methods, nlme, purrr, reshape2, stringr,\ntibble, tidyr"
callr "processx (>= 3.1.0), R6, utils"
caTools "bitops"
cellranger "rematch, tibble"
checkmate "backports (>= 1.1.0), utils"
cli "assertthat, crayon, methods"
clipr "utils"
colorspace "graphics, grDevices"
commonmark NA
crayon "grDevices, methods, utils"
crosstalk "htmltools (>= 0.3.5), jsonlite, lazyeval, R6, shiny (>= 0.11),\nggplot2"
curl NA
data.table "methods"
DBI NA
dbplyr "assertthat (>= 0.2.0), DBI (>= 0.7), dplyr (>= 0.7.4), glue\n(>= 1.2.0), methods, purrr (>= 0.2.4), R6 (>= 2.2.2), rlang (>=\n0.1.6), tibble (>= 1.4.1), tidyselect (>= 0.2.2), utils"
desc "assertthat, utils, R6, crayon, rprojroot"
devtools "httr (>= 0.4), utils, tools, methods, memoise (>= 1.0.0),\nwhisker, digest, rstudioapi (>= 0.2.0), jsonlite, stats, git2r\n(>= 0.11.0), withr"
dichromat NA
digest NA
dplyr "assertthat (>= 0.2.0), bindrcpp (>= 0.2.0.9000), glue (>=\n1.1.1), magrittr (>= 1.5), methods, pkgconfig (>= 2.0.1), R6\n(>= 2.2.2), Rcpp (>= 0.12.19), rlang (>= 0.3.0), tibble (>=\n1.4.2), tidyselect (>= 0.2.3), utils"
emstreeR "Rcpp (>= 0.12.18), RcppMLPACK, scatterplot3d, ggplot2, BBmisc"
evaluate "methods, stringr (>= 0.6.2)"
fansi NA
forcats "magrittr, rlang, tibble"
Formula NA
geosphere "sp"
ggmap "RgoogleMaps,\npng,\nplyr,\nrjson,\njpeg,\ndigest,\nscales,\ndplyr,\nbitops,\ngrid"
ggplot2 "digest, grid, gtable (>= 0.1.1), lazyeval, MASS, mgcv, plyr\n(>= 1.7.1), reshape2, rlang (>= 0.2.1), scales (>= 0.5.0),\nstats, tibble, viridisLite, withr (>= 2.0.0)"
git2r "graphics, utils"
glue "methods"
googlesheets "cellranger (>= 1.0.0), dplyr (>= 0.4.2), httr (>= 1.1.0),\njsonlite, purrr, readr (>= 0.2.2), stats, stringr, tibble,\ntidyr, utils, xml2 (>= 1.0.0)"
gridExtra "gtable, grid, grDevices, graphics, utils"
gtable "grid"
haven "forcats (>= 0.2.0), hms, Rcpp (>= 0.11.4), readr (>= 0.1.0),\ntibble"
here "rprojroot (>= 1.2)"
hexbin "lattice, grid, graphics, grDevices, stats, utils"
highr NA
Hmisc "methods, latticeExtra, cluster, rpart, nnet, acepack, foreign,\ngtable, grid, gridExtra, data.table, htmlTable (>= 1.11.0),\nviridis, htmltools, base64enc"
hms "methods, pkgconfig, rlang"
htmlTable "stringr, knitr (>= 1.6), magrittr (>= 1.5), methods,\ncheckmate, htmlwidgets, htmltools, rstudioapi (>= 0.6)"
htmltools "utils, digest, Rcpp"
htmlwidgets "grDevices, htmltools (>= 0.3), jsonlite (>= 0.9.16), yaml"
httpuv "Rcpp (>= 0.11.0), utils, promises, later (>= 0.7.3)"
httr "jsonlite, mime, curl (>= 0.9.1), openssl (>= 0.8), R6"
jpeg NA
jsonlite NA
knitr "evaluate (>= 0.10), highr, markdown, stringr (>= 0.6), yaml,\nmethods, tools"
KODAMA "Rcpp (>= 0.12.4)"
labeling NA
later "Rcpp (>= 0.12.9), rlang"
latticeExtra "grid, stats, utils, grDevices"
lava "grDevices, graphics, methods, numDeriv, stats, survival,\nSQUAREM, utils"
lazyeval NA
lubridate "stringr, Rcpp (>= 0.12.13),"
magrittr NA
mapproj "stats, graphics"
maps "graphics, utils"
markdown "utils, mime (>= 0.3)"
mclust "stats, utils, graphics, grDevices"
memoise "digest (>= 0.6.3)"
mime "tools"
miniUI "shiny (>= 0.13), htmltools (>= 0.3), utils"
modelr "broom, dplyr, magrittr, purrr (>= 0.2.2), tibble, tidyr (>=\n0.8.0), rlang (>= 0.2.0)"
MultiRNG NA
munsell "colorspace, methods"
numDeriv NA
nycflights13 "tibble"
openssl NA
packrat "tools, utils"
pillar "cli (>= 1.0.0), crayon (>= 1.3.4), fansi, methods, rlang (>=\n0.2.0), utf8 (>= 1.1.3)"
pkgbuild "callr (>= 2.0.0), crayon, desc, R6, rprojroot, withr (>=\n2.1.2)"
pkgconfig "utils"
pkgload "desc, methods, pkgbuild, rlang, rprojroot, rstudioapi, utils,\nwithr"
PKI NA
plogr NA
plotly "tools, scales, httr, jsonlite, magrittr, digest, viridisLite,\nbase64enc, htmltools, htmlwidgets (>= 1.2), tidyr, hexbin,\nRColorBrewer, dplyr, tibble, lazyeval (>= 0.2.0), rlang,\ncrosstalk, purrr, data.table, promises"
plotrix "grDevices, graphics, stats, utils"
plyr "Rcpp (>= 0.11.0)"
png NA
praise NA
prettyunits "magrittr, assertthat, methods"
processx "assertthat, crayon, R6, utils"
prodlim "Rcpp (>= 0.11.5), stats, graphics, survival, KernSmooth, lava"
promises "R6, Rcpp, later, rlang, stats, magrittr"
proto NA
purrr "magrittr (>= 1.5), rlang (>= 0.1), tibble"
R6 NA
rappdirs NA
rattle "stats, utils, ggplot2, grDevices, graphics, magrittr, methods,\nstringi, stringr, tidyr, dplyr, XML, rpart.plot"
RColorBrewer NA
Rcpp "methods, utils"
RcppArmadillo "Rcpp (>= 0.11.0), stats, utils, methods"
RcppMLPACK "Rcpp (>= 0.12.8)"
RcppProgress NA
RCurl NA
readr "Rcpp (>= 0.12.0.5), tibble, hms, R6"
readxl "cellranger, Rcpp (>= 0.12.12), tibble (>= 1.1)"
rematch NA
reprex "callr (>= 2.0.0), clipr (>= 0.4.0), rlang, rmarkdown, tools,\nutils, whisker, withr"
reshape2 "plyr (>= 1.8.1), Rcpp, stringr"
RgoogleMaps "graphics, stats, utils, grDevices, methods, png"
RGtk2 "methods"
rjson NA
RJSONIO "methods"
rlang NA
rmarkdown "tools, utils, knitr (>= 1.18), yaml (>= 2.1.5), htmltools (>=\n0.3.5), evaluate (>= 0.8), base64enc, jsonlite, rprojroot,\nmime, tinytex (>= 0.3), methods, stringr (>= 1.2.0)"
roxygen2 "brew, commonmark, desc, digest, methods, pkgload, purrr, R6\n(>= 2.1.2), Rcpp (>= 0.11.0), stringi, stringr (>= 1.0.0),\nutils, xml2"
rpart.plot NA
rprojroot "backports"
rsconnect "digest, PKI, RCurl, RJSONIO, packrat (>= 0.4.8-1), yaml (>=\n2.1.5), rstudioapi (>= 0.5)"
RSelenium "XML,methods,caTools,tools,utils, openssl, httr, wdman(>=\n0.2.2), binman"
RSQLite "bit64, blob (>= 1.1.1), DBI (>= 1.0.0), memoise, methods,\npkgconfig, Rcpp (>= 0.12.7)"
rstudioapi NA
rversions "curl, xml2 (>= 1.0.0), utils"
rvest "httr (>= 0.5), selectr, magrittr"
scales "labeling, munsell (>= 0.5), R6, RColorBrewer, Rcpp,\nviridisLite"
scatterplot3d "grDevices, graphics, stats"
selectr "methods, stringr, R6"
semver "Rcpp (>= 0.12.8), assertthat, utils"
servr "mime (>= 0.2), httpuv (>= 1.4.0), xfun, jsonlite"
shiny "utils, grDevices, httpuv (>= 1.4.3), mime (>= 0.3), jsonlite\n(>= 0.9.16), xtable, digest, htmltools (>= 0.3.5), R6 (>= 2.0),\nsourcetools, later (>= 0.7.2), promises (>= 1.0.1), tools,\ncrayon, rlang"
sourcetools NA
sp "utils, stats, graphics, grDevices, lattice, grid"
SQUAREM NA
stringi "tools, utils, stats"
stringr "glue (>= 1.2.0), magrittr, stringi (>= 1.1.7)"
subprocess NA
testthat "cli, crayon, digest, magrittr, methods, praise, R6 (>= 2.2.0),\nrlang, withr (>= 2.0.0)"
tibble "cli, crayon, methods, pillar (>= 1.1.0), rlang, utils"
tidyr "dplyr (>= 0.7.0), glue, magrittr, purrr, Rcpp, rlang, stringi,\ntibble, tidyselect"
tidyselect "glue (>= 1.3.0), purrr, rlang (>= 0.2.2), Rcpp (>= 0.12.0)"
tidyverse "broom (>= 0.4.2), cli (>= 1.0.0), crayon (>= 1.3.4), dplyr (>=\n0.7.4), dbplyr (>= 1.1.0), forcats (>= 0.2.0), ggplot2 (>=\n2.2.1), haven (>= 1.1.0), hms (>= 0.3), httr (>= 1.3.1),\njsonlite (>= 1.5), lubridate (>= 1.7.1), magrittr (>= 1.5),\nmodelr (>= 0.1.1), purrr (>= 0.2.4), readr (>= 1.1.1), readxl\n(>= 1.0.0), reprex (>= 0.1.1), rlang (>= 0.1.4), rstudioapi (>=\n0.7), rvest (>= 0.3.2), stringr (>= 1.2.0), tibble (>= 1.3.4),\ntidyr (>= 0.7.2), xml2 (>= 1.1.1)"
tinytex "xfun (>= 0.3)"
utf8 NA
viridis "stats, ggplot2 (>= 1.0.1), gridExtra"
viridisLite NA
wdman "binman, assertthat, subprocess (>= 0.8.0), yaml, semver(>=\n0.2.0), utils"
whisker NA
withr "stats, graphics, grDevices"
xfun "tools"
XML "methods"
xml2 "Rcpp"
xtable "stats, utils"
yaml NA
base NA
boot NA
class "MASS"
cluster "graphics, grDevices, stats, utils"
codetools NA
compiler NA
datasets NA
foreign "methods, utils, stats"
graphics "grDevices"
grDevices NA
grid "grDevices, utils"
KernSmooth NA
lattice "grid, grDevices, graphics, stats, utils"
MASS "methods"
Matrix "methods, graphics, grid, stats, utils, lattice"
methods "utils, stats"
mgcv "methods, stats, graphics, Matrix"
nlme "graphics, stats, utils, lattice"
nnet NA
parallel "tools, compiler"
rpart NA
spatial NA
splines "graphics, stats"
stats "utils, grDevices, graphics"
stats4 "graphics, methods, stats"
survival "graphics, Matrix, methods, splines, stats, utils"
tcltk "utils"
tools NA
utils NA
LinkingTo
acepack NA
assertthat NA
backports NA
base64enc NA
BBmisc NA
benchr "Rcpp, RcppProgress"
BH NA
bindr NA
bindrcpp "plogr, Rcpp"
binman NA
bit NA
bit64 NA
bitops NA
blob NA
blogdown NA
bookdown NA
brew NA
broom NA
callr NA
caTools NA
cellranger NA
checkmate NA
cli NA
clipr NA
colorspace NA
commonmark NA
crayon NA
crosstalk NA
curl NA
data.table NA
DBI NA
dbplyr NA
desc NA
devtools NA
dichromat NA
digest NA
dplyr "BH (>= 1.58.0-1), bindrcpp (>= 0.2.0.9000), plogr (>=\n0.1.10), Rcpp (>= 0.12.15)"
emstreeR "Rcpp, RcppMLPACK, RcppArmadillo, BH"
evaluate NA
fansi NA
forcats NA
Formula NA
geosphere NA
ggmap NA
ggplot2 NA
git2r NA
glue NA
googlesheets NA
gridExtra NA
gtable NA
haven "Rcpp"
here NA
hexbin NA
highr NA
Hmisc NA
hms NA
htmlTable NA
htmltools "Rcpp"
htmlwidgets NA
httpuv "Rcpp, BH, later"
httr NA
jpeg NA
jsonlite NA
knitr NA
KODAMA "Rcpp, RcppArmadillo"
labeling NA
later "Rcpp, BH"
latticeExtra NA
lava NA
lazyeval NA
lubridate "Rcpp,"
magrittr NA
mapproj NA
maps NA
markdown NA
mclust NA
memoise NA
mime NA
miniUI NA
modelr NA
MultiRNG NA
munsell NA
numDeriv NA
nycflights13 NA
openssl NA
packrat NA
pillar NA
pkgbuild NA
pkgconfig NA
pkgload NA
PKI NA
plogr NA
plotly NA
plotrix NA
plyr "Rcpp"
png NA
praise NA
prettyunits NA
processx "testthat"
prodlim "Rcpp"
promises "later, Rcpp"
proto NA
purrr NA
R6 NA
rappdirs NA
rattle NA
RColorBrewer NA
Rcpp NA
RcppArmadillo "Rcpp"
RcppMLPACK "Rcpp, RcppArmadillo, BH"
RcppProgress NA
RCurl NA
readr "Rcpp, BH"
readxl "Rcpp"
rematch NA
reprex NA
reshape2 "Rcpp"
RgoogleMaps NA
RGtk2 NA
rjson NA
RJSONIO NA
rlang NA
rmarkdown NA
roxygen2 "Rcpp"
rpart.plot NA
rprojroot NA
rsconnect NA
RSelenium NA
RSQLite "BH, plogr (>= 0.2.0), Rcpp"
rstudioapi NA
rversions NA
rvest NA
scales "Rcpp"
scatterplot3d NA
selectr NA
semver "Rcpp"
servr NA
shiny NA
sourcetools NA
sp NA
SQUAREM NA
stringi NA
stringr NA
subprocess NA
testthat NA
tibble NA
tidyr "Rcpp"
tidyselect "Rcpp (>= 0.12.0),"
tidyverse NA
tinytex NA
utf8 NA
viridis NA
viridisLite NA
wdman NA
whisker NA
withr NA
xfun NA
XML NA
xml2 "Rcpp (>= 0.12.12)"
xtable NA
yaml NA
base NA
boot NA
class NA
cluster NA
codetools NA
compiler NA
datasets NA
foreign NA
graphics NA
grDevices NA
grid NA
KernSmooth NA
lattice NA
MASS NA
Matrix NA
methods NA
mgcv NA
nlme NA
nnet NA
parallel NA
rpart NA
spatial NA
splines NA
stats NA
stats4 NA
survival NA
tcltk NA
tools NA
utils NA
Suggests
acepack "testthat"
assertthat "testthat"
backports NA
base64enc NA
BBmisc "testthat, microbenchmark, codetools"
benchr "testthat, ggplot2"
BH NA
bindr "testthat"
bindrcpp "testthat"
binman "testthat, covr, knitr, rmarkdown"
bit NA
bit64 NA
bitops NA
blob "covr, pillar (>= 1.2.1), testthat"
blogdown "testit,\nshiny,\nminiUI,\nstringr,\nrstudioapi,\ntools,\nprocessx,\nlater"
bookdown "htmlwidgets, rstudioapi, miniUI, rsconnect (>= 0.4.3), servr\n(>= 0.3), shiny, testit (>= 0.5), tufte, webshot"
brew NA
broom "AER, akima, AUC, bbmle, betareg, biglm, binGroup, boot, brms,\nbtergm, car, caret, coda, covr, e1071, emmeans, ergm, gam (>=\n1.15), gamlss, gamlss.data, gamlss.dist, geepack, ggplot2,\nglmnet, gmm, Hmisc, irlba, joineRML, Kendall, knitr, ks,\nLahman, lavaan, lfe, lme4, lmodel2, lmtest, lsmeans, maps,\nmaptools, MASS, Matrix, mclust, mgcv, muhaz, multcomp, network,\nnnet, orcutt (>= 2.2), ordinal, plm, plyr, poLCA, psych,\nquantreg, rgeos, rmarkdown, robust, rsample, rstan, rstanarm,\nsp, speedglm, statnet.common, survey, survival, testthat,\ntseries, xergm, zoo"
callr "covr, testthat, withr"
caTools "MASS, rpart"
cellranger "covr, testthat (>= 1.0.0), knitr, rmarkdown"
checkmate "R6, bit, fastmatch, data.table (>= 1.9.8), devtools, ggplot2,\nknitr, magrittr, microbenchmark, rmarkdown, testthat (>=\n0.11.0), tibble"
cli "covr, mockery, testthat, withr"
clipr "rstudioapi (>= 0.5), testthat, covr"
colorspace "datasets, stats, utils, KernSmooth, MASS, kernlab, mvtnorm,\nvcd, dichromat, tcltk, shiny, shinyjs"
commonmark "curl"
crayon "mockery, rstudioapi, testthat, withr"
crosstalk NA
curl "spelling, testthat (>= 1.0.0), knitr, jsonlite, rmarkdown,\nmagrittr, httpuv, webutils"
data.table "bit64, curl, knitr, xts, nanotime, zoo, reshape2"
DBI "blob, covr, hms, knitr, magrittr, rprojroot, rmarkdown,\nRSQLite (>= 1.1-2), testthat, xml2"
dbplyr "bit64, covr, knitr, Lahman (>= 5.0.0), nycflights13 (>=\n0.2.2), rmarkdown, RMariaDB (>= 1.0.2), RMySQL (>= 0.10.11),\nRPostgreSQL (>= 0.4.1), RSQLite (>= 2.0), testthat (>= 2.0.0),\nwithr"
desc "covr, testthat, whoami, withr"
devtools "curl (>= 0.9), crayon, testthat (>= 1.0.2), BiocInstaller,\nRcpp (>= 0.10.0), MASS, rmarkdown, knitr, hunspell (>= 2.0),\nlintr (>= 0.2.1), bitops, roxygen2 (>= 5.0.0), evaluate,\nrversions, covr, gmailr (> 0.7.0)"
dichromat NA
digest "knitr, rmarkdown"
dplyr "bit64 (>= 0.9.7), callr, covr (>= 3.0.1), DBI (>= 0.7.14),\ndbplyr (>= 1.2.0), dtplyr (>= 0.0.2), ggplot2 (>= 2.2.1), hms\n(>= 0.4.1), knitr (>= 1.19), Lahman (>= 3.0-1), lubridate,\nMASS, mgcv (>= 1.8.23), microbenchmark (>= 1.4.4), nycflights13\n(>= 0.2.2), rmarkdown (>= 1.8), RMySQL (>= 0.10.13),\nRPostgreSQL (>= 0.6.2), RSQLite (>= 2.0), testthat (>= 2.0.0),\nwithr (>= 2.1.1)"
emstreeR NA
evaluate "testthat, lattice, ggplot2"
fansi "unitizer"
forcats "covr, ggplot2, testthat"
Formula NA
geosphere "methods, raster"
ggmap "MASS,\nstringr,\nhexbin,\ntibble,\ntestthat"
ggplot2 "covr, dplyr, ggplot2movies, hexbin, Hmisc, lattice, mapproj,\nmaps, maptools, multcomp, munsell, nlme, testthat (>= 0.11.0),\nvdiffr, quantreg, knitr, rgeos, rpart, rmarkdown, sf (>=\n0.3-4), svglite (>= 1.2.0.9001)"
git2r "getPass"
glue "testthat, covr, magrittr, crayon, knitr, rmarkdown, DBI,\nRSQLite, R.utils, forcats, microbenchmark, rprintf, stringr,\nggplot2, dplyr, withr"
googlesheets "covr, ggplot2, knitr, rmarkdown, rprojroot, testthat (>=\n1.0.0)"
gridExtra "ggplot2, egg, lattice, knitr, testthat"
gtable "testthat, covr"
haven "covr, fs, knitr, rmarkdown, testthat"
here NA
hexbin "marray, affy, Biobase, limma"
highr "knitr, testit"
Hmisc "chron, rms, mice, tables, knitr, ff, ffbase, plotly (>=\n4.5.6)"
hms "crayon, lubridate, pillar (>= 1.1.0), testthat"
htmlTable "testthat, XML, xtable, ztable, Hmisc, reshape, rmarkdown,\npander, chron, lubridate, tibble, tidyr (>= 0.7.2), dplyr (>=\n0.7.4)"
htmltools "markdown, testthat"
htmlwidgets "knitr (>= 1.8)"
httpuv "testthat, callr"
httr "httpuv, jpeg, knitr, png, testthat (>= 0.8.0), readr, xml2,\nrmarkdown, covr"
jpeg NA
jsonlite "httr, curl, plyr, testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, R.rsp, sp"
knitr "formatR, testit, digest, rgl (>= 0.95.1201), codetools,\nrmarkdown, htmlwidgets (>= 0.7), webshot, tikzDevice (>= 0.10),\ntinytex, xfun, reticulate (>= 1.4), JuliaCall (>= 0.11.1), png,\njpeg, xml2, httr, DBI (>= 0.4-1), showtext, tibble"
KODAMA "rgl, knitr, rmarkdown"
labeling NA
later "knitr, rmarkdown, testthat"
latticeExtra "maps, mapproj, deldir, tripack, zoo, MASS, quantreg, mgcv"
lava "KernSmooth, Matrix, Rgraphviz, ascii, data.table, ellipse,\nfields, foreach, geepack, gof (>= 0.9), graph, igraph (>= 0.6),\nlava.tobit (>= 0.4.7), lme4, mets (>= 1.1), nlme, optimx,\npolycor, quantreg, rgl, testthat (>= 0.11), visNetwork, zoo"
lazyeval "knitr, rmarkdown (>= 0.2.65), testthat, covr"
lubridate "testthat, knitr, covr"
magrittr "testthat, knitr"
mapproj NA
maps "mapproj (>= 1.2-0), mapdata (>= 2.3.0), sp, maptools,\nrnaturalearth"
markdown "knitr, RCurl"
mclust "knitr (>= 1.12), rmarkdown (>= 0.9), mix (>= 1.0), geometry\n(>= 0.3-6), MASS"
memoise "testthat, aws.s3, httr, covr"
mime NA
miniUI NA
modelr "compiler, covr, ggplot2, testthat"
MultiRNG NA
munsell "ggplot2, testthat"
numDeriv NA
nycflights13 "dplyr"
openssl "testthat, digest, knitr, rmarkdown, jsonlite, jose"
packrat "testthat (>= 0.7), devtools, httr, knitr, rmarkdown"
pillar "knitr (>= 1.19), lubridate, testthat (>= 2.0.0), withr"
pkgbuild "Rcpp, testthat, covr"
pkgconfig "covr, testthat, disposables (>= 1.0.3)"
pkgload "bitops, covr, Rcpp, testthat"
PKI NA
plogr "Rcpp"
plotly "MASS, maps, ggthemes, GGally, testthat, knitr, devtools,\nshiny (>= 1.1.0), curl, rmarkdown, Rserve, RSclient, Cairo,\nbroom, webshot, listviewer, dendextend, sf, maptools, rgeos,\npng, IRdisplay, processx, plotlyGeoAssets, forcats"
plotrix NA
plyr "abind, testthat, tcltk, foreach, doParallel, itertools,\niterators, covr"
png NA
praise "testthat"
prettyunits "testthat"
processx "covr, debugme, parallel, testthat, withr"
prodlim NA
promises "testthat, future, knitr, rmarkdown"
proto "testthat, covr"
purrr "covr, dplyr (>= 0.7.5), knitr, rmarkdown, testthat"
R6 "knitr, microbenchmark, pryr, testthat, ggplot2, scales"
rappdirs "testthat, roxygen2"
rattle "pmml (>= 1.2.13), bitops, colorspace, ada, amap, arules,\narulesViz, biclust, cairoDevice, cba, cluster, corrplot, descr,\ndoBy, e1071, ellipse, fBasics, foreign, fpc, gdata, ggdendro,\nggraptR, gplots, grid, gridExtra, gtools, gWidgetsRGtk2,\nhmeasure, Hmisc, kernlab, Matrix, mice, nnet, party, playwith,\nplyr, psych, randomForest, rattle.data, RColorBrewer, readxl,\nreshape, rggobi, RGtk2, ROCR, RODBC, rpart, scales, SnowballC,\nsurvival, timeDate, tm, verification, wskm, RGtk2Extras,\nxgboost"
RColorBrewer NA
Rcpp "RUnit, inline, rbenchmark, knitr, rmarkdown, pinp, pkgKitten\n(>= 0.1.2)"
RcppArmadillo "RUnit, Matrix, pkgKitten, reticulate, rmarkdown, knitr, pinp,\nslam"
RcppMLPACK NA
RcppProgress "RcppArmadillo, devtools, roxygen2, testthat"
RCurl "Rcompression, XML"
readr "curl, testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, stringi, covr"
readxl "covr, knitr, rmarkdown, rprojroot (>= 1.1), testthat"
rematch "covr, testthat"
reprex "covr, devtools, fortunes, knitr, miniUI, rprojroot,\nrstudioapi, shiny, styler, testthat (>= 2.0.0)"
reshape2 "covr, lattice, testthat (>= 0.8.0)"
RgoogleMaps "PBSmapping, maptools, sp, loa, RColorBrewer, leaflet"
RGtk2 NA
rjson NA
RJSONIO NA
rlang "crayon, magrittr, methods, pillar, testthat (>= 2.0.0), covr"
rmarkdown "shiny (>= 0.11), tufte, testthat, digest, dygraphs, tibble"
roxygen2 "covr, devtools, knitr, rmarkdown, testthat (>= 0.8.0)"
rpart.plot "earth (>= 4.4.6)"
rprojroot "testthat, mockr, knitr, withr, rmarkdown"
rsconnect "knitr, testthat, rmarkdown (>= 1.1), plumber (>= 0.3.2),\nshiny, sourcetools, xtable"
RSelenium "testthat, knitr, Rcompression, covr, rmarkdown"
RSQLite "DBItest, knitr, rmarkdown, testthat"
rstudioapi "testthat, knitr, rmarkdown"
rversions NA
rvest "testthat, knitr, png, stringi (>= 0.3.1), rmarkdown, covr"
scales "dichromat, bit64, covr, hms, testthat (>= 2.0)"
scatterplot3d NA
selectr "testthat, XML, xml2"
semver "testthat, covr, knitr, rmarkdown"
servr "tools, later, rstudioapi, knitr (>= 1.9), rmarkdown"
shiny "datasets, Cairo (>= 1.5-5), testthat, knitr (>= 1.6),\nmarkdown, rmarkdown, ggplot2, magrittr"
sourcetools "testthat"
sp "RColorBrewer, rgdal (>= 0.8-7), rgeos (>= 0.3-13), gstat,\nmaptools, deldir"
SQUAREM "setRNG"
stringi NA
stringr "covr, htmltools, htmlwidgets, knitr, rmarkdown, testthat"
subprocess "mockery, testthat, knitr, rmarkdown (>= 1.0)"
testthat "covr, devtools, knitr, rmarkdown, xml2"
tibble "covr, dplyr, import, knitr (>= 1.5.32), microbenchmark,\nmockr, nycflights13, rmarkdown, testthat, withr"
tidyr "covr, gapminder, knitr, rmarkdown, testthat"
tidyselect "covr, dplyr, testthat"
tidyverse "feather (>= 0.3.1), knitr (>= 1.17), rmarkdown (>= 1.7.4)"
tinytex "testit"
utf8 "knitr, rmarkdown, testthat"
viridis "hexbin (>= 1.27.0), scales, MASS, knitr, dichromat,\ncolorspace, rasterVis, httr, mapproj, vdiffr, svglite (>=\n1.2.0), testthat, covr, rmarkdown, rgdal"
viridisLite "hexbin (>= 1.27.0), ggplot2 (>= 1.0.1), testthat, covr"
wdman "testthat, covr, knitr, rmarkdown"
whisker "markdown"
withr "testthat, covr, lattice, DBI, RSQLite, methods, knitr,\nrmarkdown"
xfun "testit, parallel, rstudioapi, tinytex, mime, markdown, knitr,\nhtmltools, base64enc, rmarkdown"
XML "bitops, RCurl"
xml2 "testthat, curl, covr, knitr, rmarkdown, magrittr, httr"
xtable "knitr, lsmeans, spdep, splm, sphet, plm, zoo, survival"
yaml "RUnit"
base "methods"
boot "MASS, survival"
class NA
cluster "MASS, Matrix"
codetools NA
compiler NA
datasets NA
foreign NA
graphics NA
grDevices "KernSmooth"
grid "lattice"
KernSmooth "MASS"
lattice "KernSmooth, MASS, latticeExtra"
MASS "lattice, nlme, nnet, survival"
Matrix "expm, MASS"
methods "codetools"
mgcv "splines, parallel, survival, MASS"
nlme "Hmisc, MASS"
nnet "MASS"
parallel "methods"
rpart "survival"
spatial "MASS"
splines "Matrix, methods"
stats "MASS, Matrix, SuppDists, methods, stats4"
stats4 NA
survival NA
tcltk NA
tools "codetools, methods, xml2, curl"
utils "methods, xml2, commonmark"
Enhances
acepack NA
assertthat NA
backports NA
base64enc "png"
BBmisc NA
benchr NA
BH NA
bindr NA
bindrcpp NA
binman NA
bit NA
bit64 NA
bitops NA
blob NA
blogdown NA
bookdown NA
brew NA
broom NA
callr NA
caTools NA
cellranger NA
checkmate NA
cli NA
clipr NA
colorspace NA
commonmark NA
crayon NA
crosstalk NA
curl NA
data.table NA
DBI NA
dbplyr NA
desc NA
devtools NA
dichromat NA
digest NA
dplyr NA
emstreeR NA
evaluate NA
fansi NA
forcats NA
Formula NA
geosphere NA
ggmap NA
ggplot2 "sp"
git2r NA
glue NA
googlesheets NA
gridExtra NA
gtable NA
haven NA
here NA
hexbin NA
highr NA
Hmisc NA
hms NA
htmlTable NA
htmltools "knitr"
htmlwidgets "shiny (>= 1.0.5)"
httpuv NA
httr NA
jpeg NA
jsonlite NA
knitr NA
KODAMA NA
labeling NA
later NA
latticeExtra NA
lava NA
lazyeval NA
lubridate "chron, fts, timeSeries, timeDate, tis, tseries, xts, zoo"
magrittr NA
mapproj NA
maps NA
markdown NA
mclust NA
memoise NA
mime NA
miniUI NA
modelr NA
MultiRNG NA
munsell NA
numDeriv NA
nycflights13 NA
openssl NA
packrat "BiocInstaller"
pillar NA
pkgbuild NA
pkgconfig NA
pkgload NA
PKI "gmp"
plogr NA
plotly NA
plotrix NA
plyr NA
png NA
praise NA
prettyunits NA
processx NA
prodlim NA
promises NA
proto NA
purrr NA
R6 NA
rappdirs NA
rattle NA
RColorBrewer NA
Rcpp NA
RcppArmadillo NA
RcppMLPACK NA
RcppProgress NA
RCurl NA
readr NA
readxl NA
rematch NA
reprex NA
reshape2 NA
RgoogleMaps NA
RGtk2 NA
rjson NA
RJSONIO NA
rlang NA
rmarkdown NA
roxygen2 NA
rpart.plot NA
rprojroot NA
rsconnect "BiocInstaller"
RSelenium NA
RSQLite NA
rstudioapi NA
rversions NA
rvest NA
scales NA
scatterplot3d NA
selectr NA
semver NA
servr NA
shiny NA
sourcetools NA
sp NA
SQUAREM NA
stringi NA
stringr NA
subprocess NA
testthat NA
tibble NA
tidyr NA
tidyselect NA
tidyverse NA
tinytex NA
utf8 NA
viridis NA
viridisLite NA
wdman NA
whisker NA
withr NA
xfun NA
XML NA
xml2 NA
xtable NA
yaml NA
base NA
boot NA
class NA
cluster NA
codetools NA
compiler NA
datasets NA
foreign NA
graphics NA
grDevices NA
grid NA
KernSmooth NA
lattice "chron"
MASS NA
Matrix "MatrixModels, graph, SparseM, sfsmisc"
methods NA
mgcv NA
nlme NA
nnet NA
parallel "snow, nws, Rmpi"
rpart NA
spatial NA
splines NA
stats NA
stats4 NA
survival NA
tcltk NA
tools NA
utils NA
License License_is_FOSS
acepack "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
assertthat "GPL-3" NA
backports "GPL-2" NA
base64enc "GPL-2 | GPL-3" NA
BBmisc "BSD_2_clause + file LICENSE" NA
benchr "GPL (>= 2)" NA
BH "BSL-1.0" NA
bindr "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
bindrcpp "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
binman "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
bit "GPL-2" NA
bit64 "GPL-2" NA
bitops "GPL (>= 2)" NA
blob "GPL-3" NA
blogdown "GPL-3" NA
bookdown "GPL-3" NA
brew "GPL-2" NA
broom "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
callr "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
caTools "GPL-3" NA
cellranger "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
checkmate "BSD_3_clause + file LICENSE" NA
cli "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
clipr "GPL-3" NA
colorspace "BSD_3_clause + file LICENSE" NA
commonmark "BSD_2_clause + file LICENSE" NA
crayon "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
crosstalk "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
curl "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
data.table "MPL-2.0 | file LICENSE" NA
DBI "LGPL (>= 2)" NA
dbplyr "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
desc "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
devtools "GPL (>= 2)" NA
dichromat "GPL-2" NA
digest "GPL (>= 2)" NA
dplyr "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
emstreeR "BSD_3_clause + file LICENSE" NA
evaluate "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
fansi "GPL (>= 2)" NA
forcats "GPL-3" NA
Formula "GPL-2 | GPL-3" NA
geosphere "GPL (>= 3)" NA
ggmap "GPL-2" NA
ggplot2 "GPL-2 | file LICENSE" NA
git2r "GPL-2" NA
glue "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
googlesheets "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
gridExtra "GPL (>= 2)" NA
gtable "GPL-2" NA
haven "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
here "GPL-3" NA
hexbin "GPL-2" NA
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Pacotes no R (2)
- Repositório central de pacotes do R: CRAN - Comprehensive R Archive Network
- Para um pacote ser incluído no CRAN, ele passa por uma série de testes.
- Bioconductor é um repositório voltado para pacotes com a aplicações na área de Biológicas e Ciências Médicas.
- Mas há outras fontes com pacotes sensacionais também!!
- Como installar um pacote no R?
install.packages("nome_do_pacote")
- Depois de instalado, o pacote precisa ser carregado - há duas opções:
library("nome_do_pacote") # se não existir, retorna erro
#ou
require("nome_do_pacote") # se não existir, retorna TRUE ou FALSE
Pacotes no R (3)
Vamos fazer um teste…
- Instale e carregue o pacote fun
install.packages("fun")
library(fun)
- Execute o comando
x11() # abrirá uma janela de gráficos fora do RStudio
- Depois, voltando ao seu script no RStudio, chame a seguinte função:
miner_sweeper()
Como obter ajuda no R ?
- Para obter ajuda no R, também usamos funções:
1) Se já sabe que a função ou pacote existe e está instalado:
help("plot")
?plot
2) Se não faz a menor ideia:
help.search("cubic")
# ou
??cubic
Na (2), o R trará todas os pacotes e funções que contenham aquela palavra ou partes dela.
OBS:
- Ele só poderá pesquisar nas funções de um determinado pacote se o pacote estiver carregado.
- Quando abrir o “Help”, foque em Usage, Arguments e Examples
Outras formas de obter ajuda ...
- Como vimos, a comunidade do R é uma das maiores dentre as comunidades de linguagens de programação e de Ciência de Dados;
- Há diversos sites do tipo Q&A, mailing lists, blogs, compartilhamento de código que são fontes confiáveis e abundantes para solucionar dúvidas;
- Exemplos: Stack Overflow, RBloggers, Github, mailing lists ([R-br]),… Cuidado: há certas regras para postar questões nestes sites!!
Global Environment
O R possui uma série de “camadas” (ou environments), nas quais os objetos criados em uma sessão são “alocados”;
Ha uma hierarquia entre essas camadas/ambientes e a posição mais alta na hierarquia é ocupada pelo Global Environment;
Fonte: “Advanced R” - Hadley Wickham
- Digite:
search()
[1] ".GlobalEnv" "package:knitr" "package:stats"
[4] "package:graphics" "package:grDevices" "package:utils"
[7] "package:datasets" "package:methods" "Autoloads"
[10] "package:base"
R Workspace (.RData)
É a “área de trabalho” do R;
Nela estarão todos os objetos que você criou e salvou em uma determinada sessão;
Você pode salvar um workspace para recuperá-lo depois de duas formas:
Salvando:
save(file="C:\\Desktop\\meu_workspace-aula01.RData")
# perceba que para indicar diretórios no R, usamos duas barras
Carregando:
load(file="C:\\Desktop\\meu_workspace-aula01.RData")
OU via Menu:
Working Directory (wd)
O working directory é o diretório no nosso computador em que o R procurará por arquivos ou salvará arquivos caso não especifiquemos o caminho completo.
Para sabermos qual é o diretório atual, usamos:
getwd()
[1] "/home/allan/Documents/Fnde/cursoR_FNDE_mod1/sessoes_01e02"
- Para alterarmos o diretório, fazemos, por exemplo:
setwd("C:\\Desktop")
Altere o seu working directory para uma pasta de sua preferência e tente SALVAR e CARREGAR novamente seu Workspace, indicando somente o nome do arquivo .RData:
save(file="meu_workspace-aula01.RData")
Demos - brincando um pouco
Digite no seu console:
demo()
Verifique as demonstrações presentes no R e tente executá-las com:
demo(nome_da_demonstração)
